American Heritage Dictionary Entry: cadre HOW TO USE THE DICTIONARY To look up an entry in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, use the search window above. For best results, after typing in the word, click on the “Search” button instead of using the “enter” key. Some compound words (like bus rapid transit, dog whistle, or identity theft) don’t appear on the drop-down list when you type them in the search bar. For best results with compound words, place a quotation mark before the compound word in the search window. guide to the dictionary THE USAGE PANEL The Usage Panel is a group of nearly 200 prominent scholars, creative writers, journalists, diplomats, and others in occupations requiring mastery of language. Annual surveys have gauged the acceptability of particular usages and grammatical constructions. The Panelists NEED HELP SOLVING A CROSSWORD PUZZLE? Go to our Crossword Puzzle Solver and type in the letters that you know, and the Solver will produce a list of possible solutions. -- AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY APP The new American Heritage Dictionary app is now available for iOS and Android. THE AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY BLOG The articles in our blog examine new words, revised definitions, interesting images from the fifth edition, discussions of usage, and more. OPEN DICTIONARY PROJECT Share your ideas for new words and new meanings of old words! Start Sharing Now! -- See word lists from the best-selling 100 Words Series! Find out more! INTERESTED IN DICTIONARIES? Check out the Dictionary Society of North America at http://www.dictionarysociety.com ca·dre (kädrā, kädrə) Share: Tweet n. 1. A nucleus of trained personnel around which a larger organization can be built and trained: a cadre of corporals who train recruits. 2. a. A tightly knit group of zealots who are active in advancing the interests of a revolutionary party. b. A member of such a group. [French, from Italian quadro, frame, from Latin quadrum, a square; see kwetwer- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] Usage Note: Cadre was borrowed in the 1800s from French, where it had originally meant “frame” but had come to refer also to a group of commanding officers, civil servants, or managers. French speakers will recognize that the source word's final e has no accent and thus is not pronounced with an (ā) sound. The (kädrā) pronunciation is an American invention that arose as a mistake, probably because its foreign or European origin remained vaguely in people's awareness without a clear understanding of the French source word. In this situation, when a word is thought to be a foreign borrowing, people often follow established patterns of pronunciation in borrowed words, and for cadre, Spanish padre presents a familiar model. The pronunciation of cadre ending in (ā) may also have been made more likely by the tendency of English speakers to drop accent marks when spelling French borrowings, such as protege or cliche, while retaining the final vowel sound. In any case, the pronunciation of cadre with a final (ā) predominates in the United States. In our 2016 survey, 79 percent of the Usage Panel said they pronounced the word this way, while 21 percent said they used (kädrə). Very small minorities of 2 percent each pronounced it as (kădrē) or (kädər), but both of these pronunciations were deemed unacceptable by a large majority of the Panel. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2022 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved. Indo-European & Semitic Roots Appendices Thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices: Indo-European Roots Semitic Roots The Indo-European appendix covers nearly half of the Indo-European roots that have left their mark on English words. A more complete treatment of Indo-European roots and the English words derived from them is available in our Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. 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