ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
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ⵓⵎⵓⵖ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ
ⵓⵎⵓⵖ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ
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ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵍ
ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵔⴰ
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ
ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ
ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵀⵎⴰⵙⵜ
ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ
ⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓ
ⵔⵣⵓ
ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴰⵙ
ⴼⴽ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ
ⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⴰⵎⵉⴹⴰⵏ
ⴽⵛⵎ
ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ
ⴼⴽ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ
ⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⴰⵎⵉⴹⴰⵏ
ⴽⵛⵎ
ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ
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ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵍ
ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ
1
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
2
ⵜⵉⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ
3
ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ
4
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ
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4.1
ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ
5
ⴰⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ
6
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ
7
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
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ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ
237 ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ
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ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵉⵙⵖⵡⴰⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ
ⴰⵎⵙⴳⴷⴰⵍ
ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ
ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ
Alatin
ⵖⵔ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ
ⵥⵕ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ
ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ
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ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵍ
ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵡⵉⵏ
ⵖⵔ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ
ⵥⵕ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ
ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵏⵏ ⵙ ⴷⴰ
ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⵇⵇⵏⵏⵉⵏ
ⵙⴽⵜⵔ ⴰⴼⴰⵢⵍⵓ
ⴰⵙⵖⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍ
ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ
ⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⴰ
ⵟⵟⴼ URL ⵓⴳⵣⵉⵍ
ⴰⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ/ⴰⵙⵉⴼⴹ
ⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ
ⴰⴳⵎ ⵙ PDF
ⵜⴰⵍⵇⵇⵎⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣⵏ
ⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ
Abstract Wikipedia
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⴰⵎⵏⵥ
Wikifunctions
ⴰⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ Wikidata
ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴰⵙ
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ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵍ
ⵙⴳ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰⵏⵜ, modern languageⴰⴷⵓⵙⵎⵉⵍ ⵏJaponic ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵙⴰⵍⴰⵏ日本語 Ethnic groupJapanese people ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ Indigenous toⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵊⵖⵔⴰⴼⵉⵢⵏ36°0′0″N 138°0′0″E Has tensepresent tense, past tense Has grammatical mooddesiderative Writing systemkanji, kana, katakana, hiragana Language regulatory bodyKokugo Shingikai, Council for Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Agency for Cultural Affairs Signed formSigned Japanese UNESCO language status1 safe Ethnologue language status1 National ⵜⴰⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⵉⵙ ⵉⵏⵏⵣⴳⵎⵏJapanese linguistics Hashtag日本語, japanese Does not have characteristicagreement Category for music in this languageCategory:Japanese-language music Related categoryCategory:Japanese pronunciation Female form of labella langue japonaise ⴰⵙⴰⴷⴼ ⴳ ⵓⵖⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵣⵍяп. Stack Exchange site URLhttps://ja.stackoverflow.com, https://japanese.stackexchange.com ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵜⵉⴽ ⵉⴽⵙⵜⵛⵉⵏⵊhttps://languagelearning.stackexchange.com/tags/japanese, https://anime.stackexchange.com/tags/japanese-language, https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/tags/japanese, https://apple.stackexchange.com/tags/japanese, https://tex.stackexchange.com/tags/japanese Wikimedia language codeja 
ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ
ⵉⵊⵊ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵍⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ (ⵙ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ: 日本語 ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⴳⵓ) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ, ⵙⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ 125 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ, ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ.
ⴳ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ (日本), ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ ⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⴳⵓ (日本語) (ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴹⴼⵉⵕ -ⴳⵓ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ). ⵜⵉⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⴱⴱⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵏⵉⴱⴱⵓⵏⴳⵓ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵉⵜⵏⵜⵉ; ⵙⴳ ⵏⵉⴱⴱⵓⵏ ⴰ ⵙⴳ ⴷ ⵜⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ.
ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵉⵏ: ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ, ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ ⴷ ⴽⴰⵏⵊⵉ. ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉⵢⵏ (ⴰⵔ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵉⵏ), ⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⵏⵊⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ (ⴰⵔ ⵎⵎⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵉⵏ). ⵜⵣⵎⵔⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⴷ ⵉⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵉⵏⵙⵜ.
ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ, ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍⵏⵉⵏ, ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵉⵖⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏ: a, i, u, e, o, ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⵉⵎⵙⵉⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ (ⴳⵎⴳ/IPA) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⴰ: /a/, /i/, /ɯ/, /e/, /o/, ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ: ⴰ, ⵉ, ⵓ, , ⵓ (ⴰⵎ ⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵥⵕⵓ). ⵜⵉⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ: ⵓⵊⵉⵙⴰⵏ (おじさん, ⵄⵎⵎⵉ) ⴷ ⵓⵊⵉⵉⵙⴰⵏ (おじいさん, ⴷⴰⴷⴷⴰ).
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵜⵉⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⴰⵎ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵏ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵚ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⵙⵍⵉⵜ (ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ), ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ. ⵙ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ, ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵀⵓⵓⴳⵏ (方言); ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙ, ⵎⴽ ⵏⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ, ⴷⴰ ⵏⵔⵏⵏⵓ ⵓⴹⴼⵉⵕ ⴱⵏ (弁) ⵉ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵎⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⵛⵉ ⵓⴹⴼⵉⵕ ⴰⴷ.
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵔⵢⵓⴽⵢⵓ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ, ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵔⵢⵓⴽⵢⵓ, ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵙⴳⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵉⵏⴰⵡⴰ.
ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ
ⵔⵓⵎⴰⵊⵉ
ⵙ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ
ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ
ありがとう
arigatō
ⴰⵔⵉⴳⴰⵟⵓⵓ
ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ
水
mizu
ⵎⵉⵣⵓ
ⴰⵎⴰⵏ
島
shima
ⵛⵉⵎⴰ
ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ
ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ ⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ, ⵏⵉⵖ ⵓ ⵎⵉ ⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴽⴰⵏⵊⵉ (漢字). ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴽⴰⵏⵊⵉ, ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⴰⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ (ひらがな ⵏⵉⵖ 平仮名) ⴷ ⴽⴰⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰ (カタカナ ⵏⵉⵖ 片仮名).
ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ 'ⴰ' ⵙ ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ, あ
ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 46 ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ.
ⵙ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ
ⵙ ⵀⵉⵔⴰⴳⴰⵏⴰ
ⴰ
あ
ⵉ
い
ⵓ
う
(e ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ)
え
ⵓ (ⵓ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵥⵕⵓ, o ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ)
お
ⴰⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⴰⵍⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ ⵙⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⴷⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ (ⵜⵉⵙ 19), ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴷⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ ⴰⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1980, ⴷ ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ (ⵎⴰⵏⴳⴰ, ⴰⵏⵉⵎⵉ...) ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1990.
ⴳ 2003, ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 90,000 ⵏ ⵉⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵜⵜⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ, ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏ 77,000 ⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ 15,000 ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ.
ⵥⵕ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵀⵉⵏⵓⵀⵉⵏⵓⵎⵓⵀⵉⵊⵉ
ⵔⵓⵎⴰⵊⵉ
ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⵊⵕⵕⵓⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵙⵡⴰⴷⵉⵛ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ
ⵔⵢⴰⴽⵓⴳⵓ, ⴰⵣⴳⵣⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]
ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵙⴳ https://zgh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ_ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ&oldid=168053
ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ:
ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵍⵓⵙⴼⴽⵉⵜ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ
ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏⵜ
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ⵜⵏⵏⴼⵍ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⴰ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ 6 ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2026, ⴳ 18:29.
ⵉⵙⴰⴳⴰ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵏ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike;
ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ. ⵥⵕ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⵓⵔⵉⵜⵏ.
ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵓⵜⵍⴰ
ⵖⴼ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ
Disclaimers
ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴽⵔⵜ
ⵉⵎⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙⵏ
ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴽⵜⴰⵜⵏ
ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵓⴽⵉ
ⵜⴰⵍⵇⵇⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴱⴰⵢⵍ
ⴰⵔⵣⵣⵓ
ⵔⵣⵓ
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